AP Euro History Unit 9

ADVANCED PLACEMENT EUROPEAN HISTORY

Return to Advanced Placement European History Title page.

UNIT IX: THE LOST PEACE -- TOTALITARIANISM AND THE SECOND WORLD WAR

Countdown clock to the A.P. European History Exam

SYLLABUS AND DAILY ASSIGNMENTS:

Unit 9 Syllabus
Unit 9 Calendar in block form
Unit 9 Calendar in linear form with daily assignments

TEXT READINGS:

McKay, et al. A History of Western Society. Chapter 28, pp. 926-955 (glossary) and Chapter 29, pp. 960-991 (glossary). (This is the publisher's site with on-line quizzes, primary sources, and other support material for the text.)

SUPPLEMENTAL READINGS:

Sherman. Western Civilization: Images and Interpretations, Selected readings.
Hammond Historical Atlas of the World. (For an on line equivalent, try UCLA or Hyperhistory.)

ON-LINE ASSISTANCE: The sites below have been posted to augment and support your learning in this unit.

Between the Wars: The Headlines (PowerPoint)
The Causes of World War II (PowerPoint)
Between the Wars Chronology (Year-by-year)
Communism and Fascism: A Comparison (Comparative Chart)
Hitler (Chronological summary)
Mussolini (Chronological summary)
Stalin (Chronological summary)
International Developments, 1919-1939 (A reading on the years between the wars)
World War II Chronology (Year-by-year)
World War II Fact Sheet (Cause, Course, and Consequence summary)
The Diplomatic Conferences of World War II (Summary reading)
Decision to Drop the Bomb (Summary reading)
Unit 9 Treasure Hunt (review exercise)

CONSULT YOUR SYLLABUS FOR DAILY ASSIGNMENTS.

Unit IX Journal Topics. (These are the topics given in Mr. Roswell's class and may not always agree with those for Mr. Arias. The topics will be added at the earliest opportunity after they are given in class.)

CALIFORNIA STATE STANDARDS: The following State of California content standards for Grade 10: World History, Culture and Geography, will be dealt with completely or in part:

10.7 Students analyze the rise of totalitarian governments after World War I.

1.       Understand the causes and consequences of the Russian Revolution, including Lenin's use of totalitarian means to seize and maintain control (e.g., the Gulag)
2.       Trace Stalin's rise to power in the Soviet Union and the connection between economic policies, political policies, the absence of a free press, and systematic violations of human rights (e.g., the Terror Famine in Ukraine).
3.       Analyze the rise, aggression, and human costs of totalitarian regimes (Fascist and Communist) in Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union, noting especially their common and dissimilar traits.

10.8 Students analyze the causes and consequences of World War II.

1.   Compare the German, Italian, and Japanese drives for empire in the 1930s, including the 1937 Rape of Nanking, other atrocities in China, and the Stalin-Hitler Pact of 1939.
2.   Undestand the role of appeasement, nonintervention (isolationism), and the domestic distractions in Europe and the United States prior to the outbreak of World War II.
3.   Identify and locate the Allied and Axis powers on a map and discuss the major turning points of the war, the principal theaters of conflict, key strategic decisions, and the resulting war conferences and political resolutions, with emphasis on the importance of geographic factors.
4.   Describe the political, diplomatic, and military leaders during the war (e.g., Winston Churchill, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Emperor Hirohito, Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Joseph Stalin, Douglas MacArthur, Dwight Eisenhower).
5.   Analyze the Nazi policy of pursuing racial purity, especially against the European Jews; its transformation into the Final Solution; and the Holocaust that resulted in the murder of six million Jewish civilians.
6.   Discuss the human costs of the war, with particular attention to the civilian and military losses in Russia, Germany, Britain, the United States, China, and Japan.

UNIT OBJECTIVES:

To discuss the impact of the "Lost Peace" of 1919.

To describe the methods by which the leaders tried to deal with the political dimensions and re-establish real peace and prosperity following the Great War.

To discuss the failures of the decisions by the world leaders to re-establish peace and prosperity following the Great War.

To explain the political climate in Germany during the 1920’s.

To discuss why people were alienated after World War I

To discuss how the postwar alienation was reflected in the arts, philosophy, and literature.

To describe the nature of twentieth-century dictatorship and totalitarian rule.

To explain how unsolved problems that lingered after World War I helped ignite another worldwide conflict.

To distinguish between Nazi totalitarianism and Soviet totalitarianism.

To discuss how the Allies were able to defeat Nazi Germany and the Axis powers in World War II.


Sigmund Freud, Albert Einstein and Pablo Picasso: Three individuals who made original, lasting contributions typical of the new ideas of the early twentieth century.

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:

Contrast the postwar view of European intellectuals with the prewar view that dated from the Enlightenment using the ideas and contributions of the thinkers of the nineteenth century who challenged the widely held belief in progress and human rationality, the revival and revision of Christianity in postwar Europe, the contributions and developments in physics and its contribution to the view of an uncertain universe, and the basic tenets of Freudian psychology and its contribution to the belief in the irrationality of human behavior.
Discuss the policies of the New Deal in the United States, Scandinavian nations, and Britain and France in response to the Great Depression and their effects on the people and the economy.

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS:

Identify and describe the significant contributions in literature of the postwar period and their reflection of the mood of the period.
Identify and describe the significant contributions in architecture of the postwar period.
Describe the developments and contributions to the modern school of painting from the late nineteenth to early twentieth century.
Describe the developments and contributions to twentieth-century music.
Describe the emergence of the new electronic media of movies and radio and the significant contributions to their development.
Discuss the postwar developments in German, British, and French relations and the developments in foreign affairs, 1924-1929, that brought optimism in foreign affairs. (International Developments, 1919-1939)
Describe the developments in domestic government in Germany, Britain, and France demonstrating hope in democracy.
Describe the economic crisis that brought the Great Depression of the 1930’s and the resulting mass unemployment of the Great Depression.
Describe the philosophical ideas of C. E. M. Joad reflecting his view of evil in the early twentieth century.
Discuss the various reasons for the turn to authoritarianism in the postwar world.
Discuss the various views of the developing authoritarian forms of totalitarianism: fascism and communism.
Describe the early policies of Lenin in bringing about the recovery of the Russian economy and discuss the emergence of Joseph Stalin as Lenin’s dictatorial successor. (Stalin -- Chronological summary)
Describe the transformation of the Soviet Union and the successes and failures under Stalin’s five-year plans. (Stalin -- Chronological summary)
Describe the transformation of Russian life and culture under the pre-World War II regime of Joseph Stalin and the solidification of Stalinist rule through terror and the Great Purges. (Stalin -- Chronological summary)
Describe the rise and seizure of power in Italy by Benito Mussolini and the Fascist Party, the establishment of Fascist rule in Italy, and the practices of Mussolini’s government in power. (Mussolini -- Chronological summary)
Discuss the roots of the Nazi philosophy and the incidents that influenced Adolf Hitler in his early days, the incidents and influences on Hitler’s road to power in Germany, and the establishment of the Nazi State in Germany. (Hitler -- Chronological summary)
Discuss the reasons for Hitler’s popularity in the Germany of the 1930’s. (Hitler -- Chronological summary)
Describe the aggression of the 1930’s by Germany and the other Axis Powers that led to the Second World War. (International Developments, 1919-1939)
Describe the conquest of Europe by the armies of Nazi Germany, 1939-1942. (Hitler -- Chronological summary)
Describe the racial policies of Hitler’s Nazi government, the imposition of those policies in the captured territories, and the influence of the policies on the war. (Hitler -- Chronological summary)
Describe the racial policies of Hitler’s Nazi government, the imposition of those policies in the captured territories, and the influence of the policies on the war. (Hitler -- Chronological summary)
Discuss the formation of the Grand Alliance against the Axis including the strengths and weaknesses of the alliance.
Describe the course of the Second World War bringing the defeat of the Axis Powers.
Describe the experiences of Marco Nahon and his family as victims of the Holocaust.

Pablo Picasso's Guernica is his masterpiece protesting both fascism and the cruelty of modern warfare.

During World War II, women did factory work as never before so that more men were available for combat duty. They were the basis for the legendary "Rosie the Riveter".

"IB's" ("Important because . . ."):

1)Friedrich Nietzsche; 2)Henri Bergson; 3)Georges Sorel; 4)Ludwig Wittgenstein; 5)existentialism; 6)Jean-Paul Sartre; 7)Albert Camus; 8)Søren Kierkegaard; 9)Karl Barth; 10)Gabriel Marcel; 11)Marie Curie; 12)Max Planck; 13)Albert Einstein; 14)Werner Heisenberg; 15)Sigmund Freud; 16)Marcel Proust; 17)Virginia Woolf; 18)James Joyce; 19)T. S. Eliot; 20)Franz Kafka; 21)George Orwell; 22)LeCorbusier; 23)Louis Sullivan; 24)Frank Lloyd Wright; 25)Bauhaus; 26)impressionism (see Unit 7); 27)Claude Monet; 28)post-impressionism; 29)Vincent van Gogh; 30)expressionism; 31)Paul Cézanne; 32)cubism; 33)Pablo Picasso, Guernica; 34)abstract expressionism*; 35)dadaism; 36)surrealism; 37)Igor Stravinsky; 38)Arnold Schönberg; 39)John Maynard Keynes; 40)Little Entente; 41)Weimar Republic; 42)Gustav Stresemann; 43)Dawes Plan; 44)Locarno Pact; 45)Kellogg-Briand Pact (Pact of Paris, Treaty for the Renunciation of War); 46)Beer Hall Putsch; 47)Labour Party; 48)Ramsay MacDonald; 49)Stanley Baldwin; 50)Stock Market Crash; 51)Herbert Hoover; 52)Franklin Delano Roosevelt; 53)Works Progress Administration (WPA); 54)Eleanor Roosevelt; 55)Popular Front; 56)Léon Blum; 57)Béla Kun; 58)General Joseph Pilsudski; 59)Joseph Stalin; 60)New Economic Policy (NEP); 61)Leon Trotsky; 62)five-year plans; 63)kulaks; 64)Sergei Kirov; 65)March on Rome; 66)King Victor Emmanuel III; 67)Fascist Party; 68)Giacomo Matteotti; 69)Lateran Agreement (Lateran Pact); 70)Mein Kampf; 71)National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NSDAP), Nazi Party; 72)General Paul von Hindenburg; 73)Burning of the Reichstag; 74)Enabling Act; 75)Joseph Goebbels; 76)Brown Shirts, Sturmabteilung (S.A.); 77)Schutzstaffel (S.S.); 78)Heinrich Himmler; 79)Gestapo (Geheime Staatspolitzei); 80)Nuremberg Laws; 81)Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass); 82)Hjalmar Schacht; 83)Anglo-German Naval Agreement; 84)Remilitarization of the Rhineland; 85)appeasement; 86)Rome-Berlin Axis; 87)Neville Chamberlain; 88)Anschluss*; 89)Sudetenland; 90)Munich Conference; 91)Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact; 92)Vichy France; 93)Henri-Philippe Pétain; 94)Winston Churchill; 95)Battle of Britain; 96)Pearl Harbor; 97)Final Solution; 98)"arsenal of democracy"; 99)Great Patriotic War of the Fatherland; 100)Free French; 101)Charles de Gaulle; 102)Battle of Stalingrad; 103)Battle of the Coral Sea; 104)Battle of Midway; 105)Battle of El Alamein; 106)General Dwight Eisenhower; 107)Normandy invasion ("D-Day"); 108)Atomic bomb.

Europe in 1939 on the eve of World War II

Photo Gallery
Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the U.S, 1933-45	Neville Chamberlain, Prime Minister of Britain, 1937-40	Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of Britain, 1940-45, 1950-55	Josef Stalin, Leader of the Soviet Union, 1927-53	Gen. George Marshall, U.S. Army Chief of Staff
Benito Mussolini, Leader of Italy, 1922-43	Adolf Hitler, Dictator and Nazi Leader of Germany, 1933-45	Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower, Commander of Allied Forces in Europe	Gen. Bernard Law Mongomery, Commanding General of British Forces	J. Robert Oppenheimer, Father of the Atomic Bomb