CALIFORNIA STATE STANDARDS: The following State of California content standards for Grade 10: World History, Culture and Geography, will be dealt with completely or in part:

10.4 Students analyze patterns of global change in the era of New Imperialism in at least two of the following regions or countries: Africa, Southeast Asia, China, India, Latin America, and the Philippines.

1. Describe the rise of industrial economies and their link to imperialism and colonialism (e.g., the role played by national security and strategic advantage; moral issues raised by the search for national hegemony, Social Darwinism, and the missionary impulse; material issues such as land, resources, and technology).
2. Discuss the locations of the colonial rule of such nations as England, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Russia, Spain, Portugal, and the United States.
3. Explain imperialism from the perspective of the colonizers and the colonized and the varied immediate and long-term responses by the people under colonial rule.
4. Describe the independence struggles of the colonized regions of the world, including the roles of leaders, such as Sun Yat-sen in China, and the roles of ideology and religion.

10.5 Students analyze the causes and course of the First World War.

1. Analyze the arguments for entering into war presented by leaders from all sides of the Great War and the role of political and economic rivalries, ethnic and ideological conflicts, domestic discontent and disorder, and propaganda and nationalism in mobilizing the civilian population in support of "total war."
2. Examine the principal theaters of battle, major turning points, and the importance of geographic factors in military decisions and outcomes (e.g., topography, waterways, distance, climate).
3. Explain how the Russian Revolution and the entry of the United States affected the course and outcome of the war.
4. Understand the nature of the war and its human costs (military and civilian) on all sides of the conflict, including how colonial peoples contributed to the war effort.
5. Discuss human rights violations and genocide, including the Ottoman government's actions against Armenian citizens.

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CONSULT YOUR SYLLABUS FOR DAILY ASSIGNMENTS.

On May 7, 1915, the British liner Lusitania was sunk by a German submarine. With 1198 dead, including 198 U.S. citizens, it remains the largest civilian loss of life at sea due to an act of war to this day. The Lusitania, the holder of the trans-Atlantic speed record, enters New York harbor (upper left), is struck by a single torpedo (upper right), and now lies at the bottom of the sea off the south coast of Ireland (lower left). A single marker (lower right) in the Irish port of Cobh (formerly Queenstown) marks the mass grave where many of the victims are buried.

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1.      Discuss the growth and impact of the “new imperialism” upon the continent of Africa and its people and describe the growth of the “new imperialism” in Asia.

2.      Describe the effect of the war on Russia and its causing of the Russian Revolution, subsequent fall of the Tsarist system, and the establishment of the Provisional Government in Russia and the policies it instituted to continue the war.

SHORT ANSWERS (SA’s):

1.      Discuss the development of the inequality in the global economy that resulted from the industrialization of Europe.

2.      Describe the development and growth of worldwide trade and the world market.

3.      Discuss the opening of China and Japan to outside contact and trade with the European world.

4.      Describe the penetration of European civilization into Egypt and the resulting effects.

5.      Discuss the causes and consequences of the growth of the population of Europe in the pre-World War I era.

6.      Describe the type of people who emigrated from Europe, the major sources (countries) of emigration, and the causes for their emigration.

7.      Describe the type of people who emigrated from Asia, the major sources (countries) of emigration, the causes for their emigration, and the resistance to Asian immigration.

8.      Discuss the causes, the criticism of the motives, and effects of the new age of imperialism in the late nineteenth century.

9.      Describe the general responses to the new imperialism by the governments and peoples of Africa and Asia.

10.  Describe the growth of the British domination of India and its effects.

11.  Describe the opening of Japan to Western civilization and the effects of that opening upon Japan and its people.

12.  Discuss the policies of the government of China and the development of the revolutionary movement in pre-World War I China.

13.  Describe the motives of Bismarck as Chancellor of Germany and the system of diplomatic alliances he constructed to sustain German national interests.

14.  Describe the formation of the Triple Entente and the incidents leading to the development of the two rival blocs dividing Europe prior to World War I.

15.  Describe the mounting tensions in the Balkans and the final outbreak of the Great War in July-August, 1914.

16.  Discuss the responsibilities and reasons for the outbreak of the Great War. (Read “The Causes of World War I” by Sidney Bradshaw Fay.)

17.  Discuss the significance of the First Battle of the Marne and the development of the stalemate on the Western Front that followed.

18.  Describe the growth of the war on the Eastern Front and the Italian Front and the entry of the United States.

19.  Describe the development of the concept of total war with its subsequent political and economic impacts on the “home front”.

20.  Discuss the social impact of the First World War and the growing political tensions caused by the strain of total war upon the nations as the Great War as it developed into a war of attrition.

21.  Discuss the background and views of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin and his leadership of the Bolshevik Revolution.

22.  Describe the seizure of the government of Russia by the Bolsheviks.

23.  Discuss the establishment of Lenin’s dictatorship and the subsequent civil war in Russia.

24.  Describe the developments leading to the signing of the armistice on November 11, 1918.

25.  Discuss the 1918 revolution in Germany and the establishment of the new German government.

26.  Describe the developments of the Paris Peace Conference and the terms of the Treaty of Versailles between the Allies and Germany.

27.  Discuss the reasons for the American rejection of the Treaty of Versailles.

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Alliances of World War I	Campaigns of World War I
(Click on thumbnails to enlarge images.)

I.B.’s: “Important because . . .”:

1)Third World; 2)Robert Fulton; 3)Opium Wars*; 4)Treaty of Nanking; 5)Hong Kong; 6)Commodore Matthew Perry; 7)Muhammad Ali; 8)Khedive Ismail; 9)Gen. Evelyn Baring, Lord Cromer;  10)imperialism; 11)Great Trek; 12)Boers/Afrikaners; 13)Cecil Rhodes; 14)Boer War; 15)Leopold II;  16)Henry M. Stanley; 17)Congress of Berlin of 1884-85; 18)Battle of Omdurman; 19)Fashoda Incident; 20)Social Darwinism; 21)Rudyard Kipling, The White Man’s Burden; 22)J.A. Hobson;  23)Joseph Conrad, Heart of Darkness; 24)extraterritoriality*; 25)“traditionalists”; 26)”westernizers” or “modernizers”; 27)British East India Company; 28)Great Indian Rebellion of 1857 (Sepoy Mutiny); 29)Indian National Congress; 30)First Sino-Japanese War; 31)Manchuria; 32)Tai Ping Rebellion;  33)Tzu Hsi; 34)Open Door Policy; 35)Sun Yat-sen; 36)Boxer Rebellion; 37)"Sick Man of Europe";  38)Congress of Berlin of 1878; 39)Algeciras Conference; 40)First Balkan War; 41)Second Balkan War; 42)Archduke Francis Ferdinand; 43)Gavrilo Prinzip*; 44)Black Hand; 45)Theobald von Bethman-Hollweg; 46)Tsar Nicholas II; 47); Schlieffen Plan; 48)First Battle of the Marne; 49)trench warfare; 50)Battle of the Somme; 51)Battle of Verdun; 52)Gen. Paul von Hindenburg; 53)Gen. Erich Ludendorff; 54)Battles of Tannenberg and the Masurian Lakes; 55)Treaty of London*; 56)T. E. Lawrence (of Arabia); 57)Lusitania; 58)unrestricted submarine warfare; 59)President Woodrow Wilson; 60)total war; 61)Walter Rathenau; 62)Auxiliary Service Law; 63)Ministry of Munitions; 64)David Lloyd George; 65)Easter Rebellion; 66)Georges Clemençeau; 67)Grigori Rasputin;  68)March / February Revolution; 69)Alexander Kerensky; 70)Petrograd Soviet of Workers’ and Soldiers’ Deputies; 71)Kornilov coup; 72)November / October (Bolshevik) Revolution; 73)Treaty of Brest-Litovsk; 74)Reds and Whites; 75)Cheka; 76)Armistice Day; 77)Yugoslavia; 78)Karl Liebknecht; 79)Fourteen Points; 80)The Big Four; 81)League of Nations; 82)mandate system; 83)Henry Cabot Lodge; 84)isolationism.

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Portrait Gallery (Click on thumbnails to enlarge)
Cecil Rhodes, architect of British imperialism in Africa	Rudyard Kipling, the "Imperialist Poet"	Franz Josef, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary, 1848-1916	Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary
Kaiser Wilhelm II, Emperor of the German Empire	Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States, 1913-1921	Georges Clemençeau, French Prime Minister at war's end	David Lloyd George, British Prime Minister at war's end
Nicholas II, the last ruling Tsar of Russia	Grigori Rasputin, the mysterious monk of Russia	Vladimir Ilich Lenin, Bolshevik Leader	Leon Trotsky, Russian Revolutionary Leader

The British poster on the left of Lord Kitchener, commander of the British Army, bears a strong remarkable resemblance to the recruiting poster created by James Montgomery Flagg for the U.S. Army in 1917, one of the most famous in history. (Click on thumbnails for larger images.) For more posters from World War I, see the link below.

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LINKS to sites for extending knowledge and interests:

Trenches on the Web (An incredibly informative site on World War I)
First World War.com (Multimedia and the title says it all)  
World War I Document Archive (All of the important original documents)
Photos of the Great War (This is actually a page connected to the one above)
BBC Online -- World War I (Personal accounts and newspapers)
The Great War (Loads of information)
World War I (1914-1918) (Links to many sites at About.com)
Encyclopaedia of the First World War (Spartacus School)
World War One (one of many good info sites from History Learning Site)
The Great War, 1914-1918 (from Learning Curve)
The Heritage of the Great War (photographs and art)
World War I maps (from the United States Military Academy)
A Chronology of the First World War (with links to descriptions)
The Battle of Verdun ("The Greatest Battle Ever")
Ypres and the Great War (Official site of the great battleground)
Art of the First World War (Excellent site including the work of soldiers who were there)
Posters from the Great War (from Trenches on the Web)
World War I Political Cartoons (Good ones from many countries)
Virtual Museum: The Great War and Popular Culture (I created this site for SCORE)
The Great War and the Shaping of the Twentieth-Century (Companion to the PBS series)
Hellfire Corner (Web pages on the Great War)
War Times Journal -- The Great War Series (Articles and other special features)
An Illustrated History of World War One - The Story of WWI Aviation
The Great War, Maps and Locations (interactive site on from PBS)
WWI Sites (The links available through WWI Documents)
World War I (Another teacher website with collected links. Good stuff!)
First World War Poetry (A great era for the poets, many of whom did not survive)
The Lost Poets of World War I (More great poetry from the war era)
Treaty of Versailles (the full text)
The Russian Revolution (Personalities and Incidents from Spartacus School)
Alexander Palace Time Machine ("Everyday life in a Romanov palace")

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Return to Advanced Placement European History Title page
Go to Unit 9 Syllabus
Go to Unit 7 Syllabus
Go to Mr. Roswell's Home Page
Go to IB/AP Stress Relief Page

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World War I made the poppy an international symbol of remembrance and tribute to those who gave their lives.  Read John McCrae's In Flanders Field, his lasting tribute to those who paid the ultimate price on the battlefields of the First World War.

Web page maintained by George Roswell

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